Birthrites: Healing After Caesarean.

Women Who Have Cesarean or Assisted Vaginal Delivery More Likely to Be Readmitted to Hospital.

From the Website Address: http://womenshealth.medscape.com/MedscapeWire/2000/0500/medwire.0510.Women.html

May 10, 2000
JAMA/MedscapeWire

Women who have cesarean or assisted vaginal delivery are at a higher risk of rehospitalization within 60 days than women who have spontaneous (unassisted) vaginal delivery, according to an article in the May 10 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.

Mona Lydon-Rochelle, MPH, PhD, CNM, from the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues examined the association between different delivery methods and the risk of rehospitalization after delivery. The researchers used data from 256,795 delivery records of mothers who delivered a single live infant (multiple births, such as twins were excluded, as were mothers with certain chronic medical conditions) from the Washington State Birth Events Record Database from 1987 through November 1, 1996. These delivery records were matched with subsequent hospital records.

The researchers found that a total of 3149 women (1.2%) were rehospitalized within 60 days after delivery. After adjusting for the age of the mother at the time of delivery, women with cesarean deliveries were 1.8 times more likely to be rehospitalized and women with assisted vaginal delivery (forceps or vacuum extraction were used) were 1.3 times more likely to be rehospitalized than women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Cesarean delivery was associated with increased risks of rehospitalizatin for:

  • Uterine infection (2.0 times higher than with spontaneous vaginal delivery)
  • Gallbladder disease (1.5 times higher)
  • Genitourinary tract conditions (1.5 times higher)
  • Obstetrical surgical wound complications (30.2 times higher)
  • Cardiopulmonary conditions (2.4 times higher)
  • Thromboembolic conditions (2.5 times higher)
  • Appendicitis (1.8 times higher)

Assisted vaginal delivery was associated with increased risks of rehospitalization for:

  • Postpartum hemorrhage (1.3 times higher than with spontaneous vaginal delivery)
  • Obstetrical surgical wound complications (4.2 times higher)
  • Pelvic injury (2.5 times higher)

"Our most notable result was a 30-fold risk associated with obstetrical surgical wound infection; however, the rate of rehospitalization for wound infection among women with cesarean delivery was still quite low (4 per 1000 cesarean procedures)," the authors write. "Because surgical wounds occur in every instance among women with cesarean delivery and episiotomy [incision to facilitate vaginal delivery] does not occur with every spontaneous vaginal delivery, a higher risk for rehospitalization for surgical wound infection may be expected among women with cesarean delivery."

"Identification of factors that can amend rehospitalization risk remains a complex undertaking," according to the authors. "Our most important finding, that women with cesarean and assisted vaginal delivery were at increased risk for rehospitalization with infectious morbidities, suggests that even more rigorous attention to effective peripartum infection prevention and control strategies should be an obstetrical care priority."

According to background information in the article, in 1996, 21.8% of the approximately 3.9 million deliveries in the United States were by cesarean section, 14.4% were assisted vaginal deliveries, and the remaining 63.8% were spontaneous vaginal deliveries.

JAMA. 2000;283:2411-2416